REVIEW: The Discovery of Magnetic Resonance in the Context of 20th Century Science: Biographies and Bibliography. II: Magnetic Resonance Discovery in the Mirror of the Nobel Prize Award

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Alexander V. Kessenikh¹ and Vasily V. Ptushenko^2,3,a*

¹Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia

²Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia

³Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: December 25, 2025; Revised: December 25, 2025; Accepted: December 30, 2025

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In this chapter, Zavoisky’ history of Nobel Prize nominations is discussed. Once his name became publicly known after a decade of obscurity due to his involvement in the Soviet nuclear program, Zavoisky began to be proposed for the Prize by his international peers. C. J. Gorter, Zavoisky’s competition in his search for EPR, was the first to nominate him, in 1958. On the Soviet side, the first nomination came from the physicist I. M. Frank, in 1959. In the next decade, Zavoisky’s most persistent nominee was Croatian-Swiss chemist L. Ružička. The period covered herein ends in 1966, as information for later years was not yet disclosed by the Nobel Organization at the time of writing the original publication.

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KEY WORDS: Gorter, Frank, Ružička

DOI: 10.1134/S0006297925604496

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