REVIEW: Mitochondrial Genome Variants and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Maxim S. Kozin^1,2,3,a*, Olga G. Kulakova^1,2,3, Ivan S. Kiselev^1,2,3, Ekaterina V. Semina¹, Viktor V. Kakotkin¹, Mikhail A. Agapov¹, Olga O. Favorova^1,2,3

¹Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia

²Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia

³Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117513 Moscow, Russia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: February 22, 2024; Revised: March 4, 2024; Accepted: May 14, 2024

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a severe neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, is the most common cause of cognitive impairment in people over the age of 60. The etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease are still unclear despite decades of active research. Numerous studies have shown that neurodegenerative processes in AD are associated with the mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we briefly discuss the results of these studies and present the reported evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction in AD is associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations. The results of association analysis of mtDNA haplogroups and individual polymorphic variants, including those whose combinations define haplogroups, with AD are described in detail. These data clearly indicate the role of variations in the mitochondrial genome in the susceptibility to AD, although the problem of significance of individual mtDNA variants is far from being resolved.

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KEY WORDS: neurodegenerative diseases, neurodegeneration, mitochondria, Alzheimer’s disease, haplogroup, single nucleotide polymorphism

DOI: 10.1134/S0006297924603174

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