REVIEW: Long Non-Coding RNA JPX: Structure, Functions, and Role in Chromatin Architecture

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Arseniy V. Selivanovskiy^1,2,3#, Anastasiia L. Sivkina^1#, Sergei V. Ulianov^1,2, and Sergei V. Razin^1,2,a*

¹Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia

²Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia

³Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

^# These authors contributed equally to the work.

Received: August 20, 2025; Revised: November 7, 2025; Accepted: November 8, 2025

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of regulators of key cellular processes and biomarkers of various pathologies. The lncRNA JPX is a multifunctional RNA involved in the regulation of transcription, translation, and chromatin architecture. JPX influences transcription and enhancer-promoter communication by regulating binding of proteins to DNA, particularly by interacting with the chromatin architectural protein CTCF. Additionally, JPX can interact with microRNAs, repressor proteins, or mRNA stabilizers, regulating translation in pathogenesis of oncological and other diseases. This review summarizes the accumulated knowledge about the structure, evolutionary origin, and functions of the long non-coding RNA JPX in normal and pathological conditions.

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KEY WORDS: lncRNA, JPX, transcription regulation, translation regulation, gene expression regulation, X chromosome inactivation, chromatin

DOI: 10.1134/S0006297925602692

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