REVIEW: Nonspecific Interactions in Transcription Regulation and Organization of Transcriptional Condensates

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Anna A. Valyaeva^1,2,3,a* and Eugene V. Sheval^2,3

¹Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia

²Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia

³Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia

Received October 10, 2023; Revised November 19, 2023; Accepted November 20, 2023

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Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a high degree of compartmentalization of their internal contents, which ensures precise and controlled regulation of intracellular processes. During many processes, including different stages of transcription, dynamic membraneless compartments termed biomolecular condensates are formed. Transcription condensates contain various transcription factors and RNA polymerase and are formed by high- and low-specificity interactions between the proteins, DNA, and nearby RNA. This review discusses recent data demonstrating important role of nonspecific multivalent protein–protein and RNA–protein interactions in organization and regulation of transcription.

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KEY WORDS: transcription, RNA, RNA polymerase, transcriptional condensates, intrinsically disordered regions

DOI: 10.1134/S0006297924040084

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