REVIEW: State-of-the-Art Approaches to Heterologous Expression of Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Solid Tumors

---

Aleksei K. Misorin^1,a, Darya O. Chernyshova^1,b, and Mikhail S. Karbyshev^1,c*

¹BIOCAD, 198515 Strelna, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received May 15, 2023; Revised August 9, 2023; Accepted August 23, 2023

---

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are some of the most promising biotherapeutics due to the versatility provided by their structure and functional features. bsAbs simultaneously bind two antigens or two epitopes on the same antigen. Moreover, they are capable of directing immune effector cells to cancer cells and delivering various compounds (radionuclides, toxins, and immunologic agents) to the target cells, thus offering a broad spectrum of clinical applications. Current review is focused on the technologies used in bsAb engineering, current progress and prospects of these antibodies, and selection of various heterologous expression systems for bsAb production. We also discuss the platforms development of bsAbs for the therapy of solid tumors.

---

KEY WORDS: bispecific antibodies, antibody engineering, antibody expression systems, CHO cells, HEK293 cells, Escherichia coli, antibody design, solid tumors

DOI: 10.1134/S0006297923090031

---