Effect of Structure Variations in the Inter-subunit Contact Zone on the Activity and Allosteric Regulation of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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R. S. Romanov¹, S. A. Kurilova¹, A. A. Baykov¹, and E. V. Rodina^2,a*

¹Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia

²Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received December 26, 2019; Revised January 14, 2020; Accepted January 14, 2020

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Hexameric inorganic pyrophosphatase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt-PPase) has a number of structural and functional features that distinguish it from homologous enzymes widely occurring in living organisms. In particular, it has unusual zones of inter-subunit contacts and lacks the N-terminal region common for other PPases. In this work, we constructed two mutant forms of the enzyme, Ec-Mt-PPase and R14Q-Mt-PPase. In Ec-Mt-PPase, the missing part of the polypeptide chain was compensated with a fragment of PPase from Escherichia coli (Ec-PPase). In R14Q-Mt-PPase, a point mutation was introduced to the contact interface between the two trimers of the hexamer. Both modifications significantly improved the catalytic activity of the enzyme and abolished its inhibition by the cofactor (Mg²⁺ ion) excess. Activation of Mt-PPase by low (~10 μM) concentrations of ATP, fructose-1-phosphate, L-malate, and non-hydrolyzable substrate analogue methylene bisphosphonate (PCP) was observed. At concentrations of 100 μM and higher, the first three compounds acted as inhibitors. The activating effect of PCP was absent in both mutant forms, and the inhibitory effect of fructose-1-phosphate was absent in Ec-Mt-PPase. The effects of other modulators varied only quantitatively among the mutants. The obtained data indicate the presence of allosteric sites in Mt-PPase, which are located in the zones of inter-subunit contact or associated with them.

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KEY WORDS: pyrophosphatase, site-directed mutagenesis, allosteric regulation, fructose-1-phosphate, L-malate

DOI: 10.1134/S0006297920030086

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